Buying a House at Judicial Auction in Galicia: Complete Guide 2025
What are judicial auctions?
Judicial auctions are public procedures organized by courts to sell seized assets, typically due to mortgage defaults or debts. In Galicia, these auctions are published in the Official State Gazette (BOE) and managed through the electronic Tax Agency Auction Portal.
Properties are typically sold at 20-40% below market value, making them attractive for investors. However, they carry specific risks you must understand before bidding.
Types of auctions
| Type | Description | Average discount | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mortgage judicial auction | Mortgage default | 20-30% | Medium |
| Executive judicial auction | Non-mortgage debts | 25-40% | High |
| Social Security auction | Tax/Social Security debts | 30-50% | Medium-High |
| Bank REO auction | Bank-repossessed properties | 15-30% | Low |
How the auction process works
- Publication: Published in the BOE at least 20 days in advance with description, valuation, encumbrances and auction type.
- Deposit: To participate, deposit 5-30% of the valuation (usually 20%). Returned if you don't win.
- Bidding: Electronic bidding through the Auction Portal. You can bid from the valuation amount or lower if permitted.
- Award: Highest bidder wins. If bids don't reach 50% of valuation, the claimant can request award at that amount.
- Payment: Winner has 40 days to pay the balance. Deposit is forfeited if you default.
- Deed registration: The court issues a writ for Property Registry inscription.
Requirements for foreigners
Foreign citizens can participate in Spanish judicial auctions without restrictions. You need:
- NIE (Foreigner Identification Number): Mandatory for any real estate transaction in Spain.
- Spanish bank account: For deposit and payment.
- Representative (optional): Power of attorney to a lawyer to bid on your behalf.
- Digital certificate: Required for the electronic Auction Portal.
Risks and mitigation
| Risk | Impact | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Illegal occupants | Cannot use the property | Visit before bidding; check possession status with court |
| Hidden encumbrances | Inherited debts | Get Registry note before auction; subsequent charges are cancelled |
| Poor condition | Unexpected renovation costs | Visual inspection; budget 15-25% for renovation |
| IBI/community debts | Pending payments | Request debt certificate from town hall |
| Auction contestation | Delays of months/years | Accept process may be lengthy |
The biggest risk is possession. If occupied, you must initiate eviction proceedings taking 6 months to 2 years. Always check occupancy before bidding.
Auctions on the Costa da Morte and Galicia
Galicia sees an average of 150-200 real estate auctions per year. On the Costa da Morte:
| Area | Auctions/year | Avg award price | Discount vs market |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Coruña (province) | 60-80 | €85,000 | 25-35% |
| Pontevedra (province) | 40-55 | €95,000 | 20-30% |
| Lugo (province) | 25-35 | €55,000 | 30-45% |
| Ourense (province) | 20-30 | €45,000 | 35-50% |
| Costa da Morte | 5-10 | €65,000 | 30-40% |
Financing auctions
- Traditional banks: Some offer auction mortgages requiring pre-approval. Faster process (15-20 days).
- Bridge financing: Short-term loans (6-12 months) at 8-12% rates. Useful for immediate liquidity.
- Own capital: Safest option. You need 100% available within 40 days.
- Mortgage on the property: After award, you can mortgage the auctioned property if free of encumbrances.
Practical tips for investors
- Always investigate: Get a Property Registry note before bidding.
- Visit the property: Visit dates are listed in the BOE announcement.
- Set a maximum: Don't get carried away. Define your ceiling price beforehand.
- Calculate all costs: Add 12-15% for taxes (ITP/AJD 8-10%), notary, registry and agency fees.
- Start with bank auctions: Safer, allowing visits and inspections.
- Consult a lawyer: A real estate specialist can review encumbrances and process.
- Have liquidity ready: Deposit must be immediately available.
Contact Cristina Casas Galiza for real estate investment advice on the Costa da Morte.
Written by Cristina Vázquez
Real estate agent in Corcubión with over 10 years of experience in the Costa da Morte market.
Contact Cristina →Properties you may be interested in
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